Structure Analysis By Small Angle X Ray And Neutron Scattering

Structure Analysis by Small Angle X Ray and Neutron Scattering

• Author : L.A. Feigin
• Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
• File Size : 14,5 Mb
• Release Date : 2013-11-11
• Genre: Science
• Pages : 335
• ISBN 10 : 9781475766240

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Small-angle scattering of X rays and neutrons is a widely used diffraction method for studying the structure of matter. This method of elastic scattering is used in various branches of science and technology, includ ing condensed matter physics, molecular biology and biophysics, polymer science, and metallurgy. Many small-angle scattering studies are of value for pure science and practical applications. It is well known that the most general and informative method for investigating the spatial structure of matter is based on wave-diffraction phenomena. In diffraction experiments a primary beam of radiation influences a studied object, and the scattering pattern is analyzed. In principle, this analysis allows one to obtain information on the structure of a substance with a spatial resolution determined by the wavelength of the radiation. Diffraction methods are used for studying matter on all scales, from elementary particles to macro-objects. The use of X rays, neutrons, and electron beams, with wavelengths of about 1 A, permits the study of the condensed state of matter, solids and liquids, down to atomic resolution. Determination of the atomic structure of crystals, i.e., the arrangement of atoms in a unit cell, is an important example of this line of investigation.

Small Angle X Ray and Neutron Scattering from Solutions of Biological Macromolecules

• Author : Dmitri I. Svergun
• Publisher : Oxford University Press
• File Size : 15,9 Mb
• Release Date : 2013-08-08
• Genre: Science
• Pages : 369
• ISBN 10 : 9780199639533

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This book describes all aspects of the technique of small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons, including instrumentation, sample requirements, data interpretation and modelling methods, in a comprehensive way and gives examples of applications in various fields of biophysics and biochemistry.

Small Angle X Ray and Neutron Scattering from Solutions of Biological Macromolecules

• Author : Dmitri I. Svergun
• Publisher : OUP Oxford
• File Size : 13,9 Mb
• Release Date : 2013-08-08
• Genre: Science
• Pages : 368
• ISBN 10 : 9780191507038

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Small-angle scattering of X-rays (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS) is an established method for the structural characterization of biological objects in a broad size range from individual macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids) to large macromolecular complexes. SAXS/SANS is complementary to the high resolution methods of X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, allowing for hybrid modeling and also accounting for available biophysical and biochemical data. Quantitative characterization of flexible macromolecular systems and mixtures has recently become possible. SAXS/SANS measurements can be easily performed in different conditions by adding ligands or binding partners, and by changing physical and/or chemical characteristics of the solvent to provide information on the structural responses. The technique provides kinetic information about processes like folding and assembly and also allows one to analyze macromolecular interactions. The major factors promoting the increasingly active use of SAXS/SANS are modern high brilliance X-ray and neutron sources, novel data analysis methods, and automation of the experiment, data processing and interpretation. In this book, following the presentation of the basics of scattering from isotropic macromolecular solutions, modern instrumentation, experimental practice and advanced analysis techniques are explained. Advantages of X-rays (rapid data collection, small sample volumes) and of neutrons (contrast variation by hydrogen/deuterium exchange) are specifically highlighted. Examples of applications of the technique to different macromolecular systems are considered with specific emphasis on the synergistic use of SAXS/SANS with other structural, biophysical and computational techniques.

Small Angle Scattering of X Rays

• Author : Andre Guinier
• Publisher : Unknown
• File Size : 14,8 Mb
• Release Date : 1974
• Genre: X-rays
• Pages : 268
• ISBN 10 : OCLC:622895671

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From glass to crystal

• Author : Daniel R. Neuville
• Publisher : Unknown
• File Size : 7,8 Mb
• Release Date : 2017
• Genre: Education
• Pages : 645
• ISBN 10 : 2759817830

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Glass-ceramics are now commonplace in our daily lives, despite having only been discovered for less than a century. It presents an update on the recent developments concerning the mechanisms of nucleation, crystal growth and phase separation, bringing together theoretical aspects and characterization methods.

Small Angle Scattering Neutrons X Rays Light from Complex Systems

• Author : Eugen Mircea Anitas
• Publisher : Springer
• File Size : 15,9 Mb
• Release Date : 2019-08-08
• Genre: Science
• Pages : 116
• ISBN 10 : 9783030266127

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This book addresses the basic physical phenomenon of small-angle scattering (SAS) of neutrons, x-rays or light from complex hierarchical nano- and micro-structures. The emphasis is on developing theoretical models for the material structure containing self-similar or fractal clusters. Within the suggested framework, key approaches for extracting structural information from experimental scattering data are investigated and presented in detail. The range of parameters which can be obtained pave the road towards a better understanding of the correlations between geometrical and various physical properties (electrical, magnetic, mechanical, optical, dynamical, transport etc.) in fractal nano- and micro-materials.

Physics of Polymer Gels

• Author : Takamasa Sakai
• Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
• File Size : 8,6 Mb
• Release Date : 2020-04-20
• Genre: Technology & Engineering
• Pages : 298
• ISBN 10 : 9783527346417

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Explains the correlation between the physical properties and structure of polymer gels This book elucidates in detail the physics of polymer gels and reviews their unique properties that make them attractive for innumerable applications. Geared towards experienced researchers and entrants to the field, it covers rubber elasticity, swelling and shrinking, deformation and fracture of as well as mass transport in polymer gels, enabling the readers to purposefully design polymer gels fit for specific purposes. Divided into two parts, Physics of Polymer Gels starts by explaining the statistical mechanics and scaling of a polymer chains, and that of polymer solutions. It then introduces the structure of polymer gels and explains the rubber elasticity, which predicts the solid-like nature of polymer gels. Next, it describes swelling/deswelling, which can be understood by combining the rubber elasticity and the osmotic pressure of a polymer solution. Large deformation and fracture, and the diffusion of substances in polymer gels, which are essential for practical applications, are also introduced. The last half of the book contains the authors' experimental results using Tetra-PEG gels and provides readers with the opportunity to examine and compare it with the first half in order to understand how to utilize the models to experiments. This title: * Is the first book dedicated to the physics of polymer gels * Describes in detail the properties of polymer gels and their underlying physics, facilitating the development of novel, polymer gel-based applications * Serves as a reference for all relevant polymer gel properties and their underlying physics * Provides a unified treatment of the subject, explaining the physical properties of polymer gels within a common nomenclature framework Physics of Polymer Gels is a must-have book for experienced researchers, such as polymer chemists, materials scientists, organic chemists, physical chemists, and solid-state physicists, as well

X ray and Neutron Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization

• Author : Challa S.S.R. Kumar
• Publisher : Springer
• File Size : 17,7 Mb
• Release Date : 2016-10-13
• Genre: Technology & Engineering
• Pages : 830
• ISBN 10 : 9783662486061

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Fifth volume of a 40 volume series on nanoscience and nanotechnology, edited by the renowned scientist Challa S.S.R. Kumar. This handbook gives a comprehensive overview about X-ray and Neutron Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization. Modern applications and state-of-the-art techniques are covered and make this volume an essential reading for research scientists in academia and industry.

Biological Small Angle Scattering Techniques Strategies and Tips

• Author : Barnali Chaudhuri
• Publisher : Springer
• File Size : 10,8 Mb
• Release Date : 2017-12-07
• Genre: Science
• Pages : 268
• ISBN 10 : 9789811060380

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This book provides a clear, comprehensible and up-to-date description of how Small Angle Scattering (SAS) can help structural biology researchers. SAS is an efficient technique that offers structural information on how biological macromolecules behave in solution. SAS provides distinct and complementary data for integrative structural biology approaches in combination with other widely used probes, such as X-ray crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Mass spectrometry and Cryo-electron Microscopy. The development of brilliant synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beam lines has increased the number of researchers interested in solution scattering. SAS is especially useful for studying conformational changes in proteins, highly flexible proteins, and intrinsically disordered proteins. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with neutron contrast variation is ideally suited for studying multi-component assemblies as well as membrane proteins that are stabilized in surfactant micelles or vesicles. SAS is also used for studying dynamic processes of protein fibrillation in amyloid diseases, and pharmaceutical drug delivery. The combination with size-exclusion chromatography further increases the range of SAS applications. The book is written by leading experts in solution SAS methodologies. The principles and theoretical background of various SAS techniques are included, along with practical aspects that range from sample preparation to data presentation for publication. Topics covered include techniques for improving data quality and analysis, as well as different scientific applications of SAS. With abundant illustrations and practical tips, we hope the clear explanations of the principles and the reviews on the latest progresses will serve as a guide through all aspects of biological solution SAS. The scope of this book is particularly relevant for structural biology researchers who are new to SAS. Advanced users of the technique will find it helpful for

Synaptic Vesicles studied by small angle X ray Scattering

• Author : Simon Castorph
• Publisher : Universitätsverlag Göttingen
• File Size : 17,7 Mb
• Release Date : 2012
• Genre: Neural transmission
• Pages : 111
• ISBN 10 : 9783863950972

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"The heterogeneous structure of synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain is investigated considering solution small-angle x-ray scattering data in combination with data obtained by cryogenic electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and biochemical analysis. Overall low resolution structural models of the entire functional synaptic vesicle are proposed, elucidating details on the density profile of the membrane, including contributions from the lipids and the proteins, as well as addressing the average conformation and overall lateral organization of proteins in micro-domains on the average synaptic vesicle under quasi-physiological conditions. Entropic contributions to free energy due to possible protein cluster formation and disintegration on the synaptic vesicle are investigated. Further, cell free fusion systems are characterized employing dynamic light scattering and applicability of small-angle x-ray scattering is considered for investigating membrane fusion processes."--Open Textbook Library.

Small Angle Scattering Part A Methods for Structural Investigation

• Author : Anonim
• Publisher : Academic Press
• File Size : 15,7 Mb
• Release Date : 2022-11-19
• Genre: Science
• Pages : 578
• ISBN 10 : 9780323991803

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Small Angle Scattering, Part A: Methods for Structural Investigation, Volume 675 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with new chapters in this updated release including SAXS foundations and metrics, Contrast variation sample preparation protocols, experimental procedures, and rudimentary analysis, Molecular deuteration for neutron scattering, Planning, Executing and Assessing the Feasibility of SANS Contrast Variation Experiments, Technical considerations for small-angle neutron scattering from biological macromolecules, and Advanced sample environments and capabilities at our synchrotron X-ray beamline with example applications. Additional sections in the book cover SEC-SAXS-MALS data acquisition and processing pipeline at SIBYLS, SEC-SAXS: pros and cons, experimental set-up, examples and software developments, Radiation damage and sample economy for stopped-flow methods in the time regime of millisecond and above, Stopped-flow-time-resolved SAXS, Insights on Temp-jump, time-resolved SAXS, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series Includes the latest information on Small Angle Scattering: Methods for Structural Investigation

Small Angle X Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials

• Author : Yixin Zhao
• Publisher : Elsevier
• File Size : 12,9 Mb
• Release Date : 2023-02-01
• Genre: Business & Economics
• Pages : 0
• ISBN 10 : 9780323952989

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Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials provides techniques for the analysis of geomaterials, which is of great significance for humans because geomaterials are related to earthquake, resource development, underground spaces, carbon dioxide storage, and more. The book introduces the fundamental theory of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering and covers pore accessibility characterization for natural rocks from four aspects, including quantitative evaluation of pore structure heterogeneity and anisotropy, quantification of pore modification in coals due to pulverization, estimation and modeling of coal pore accessibility, and nanoscale coal deformation and alteration of porosity and pore orientation under uniaxial compression. Finally, interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials are introduced, along with the connections between small-angle scattering and other techniques (NMR cytophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy and synchrotron radiation SAXS and nano-CT) described. Covers both theory and applications of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering as related to geomaterials Provides context for using the techniques described in the book in connection with other well-known techniques Includes analysis methods of interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials

Scattering Methods and their Application in Colloid and Interface Science

• Author : Otto Glatter
• Publisher : Elsevier
• File Size : 17,5 Mb
• Release Date : 2018-01-08
• Genre: Science
• Pages : 404
• ISBN 10 : 9780128135815

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Scattering Methods and their Application in Colloid and Interface Science offers an overview of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering techniques (SAXS & SANS), as well as static and dynamic light scattering (SLS & DLS). These scattering techniques are central to the study of soft matter, such as colloidal dispersions and surfactant self-assembly. The theoretical concepts are followed by an overview of instrumentation and a detailed description of the evaluation techniques in the first part of the book. In the second part, several typical application examples are used to show the strength and limitations of these techniques. Features the latest input from the world-leading expert with personal experience in all the fields covered (SAXS, SANS, SLS and DLS) Includes unified notation throughout the book to enhance its readability Provides—in a single source—scattering theory, evaluation of techniques and a variety of applications

Neutron Scattering in Earth Sciences

• Author : Hans Rudolf Wenk
• Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
• File Size : 9,9 Mb
• Release Date : 2018-12-17
• Genre: Science
• Pages : 491
• ISBN 10 : 9781501509445

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Volume 63 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry provides an introduction for those not yet familiar with neutrons by describing basic features of neutrons and their interaction with matter as well illustrating important applications. The volume is divided into 17 Chapters. The first two chapters introduce properties of neutrons and neutron facilities, setting the stage for applications. Some applications rely on single crystals (Chapter 3) but mostly powders (Chapters 4-5) and bulk polycrystals (Chapters 15-16) are analyzed, at ambient conditions as well as low and high temperature and high pressure (Chapters 7-9). Characterization of magnetic structures remains a core application of neutron scattering (Chapter 6). The analysis of neutron data is not trivial and crystallographic methods have been modified to take account of the complexities, such as the Rietveld technique (Chapter 4) and the pair distribution function (Chapter 11). Information is not only obtained about solids but about liquids, melts and aqueous solutions as well (Chapters 11-13). In fact this field, approached with inelastic scattering (Chapter 10) and small angle scattering (Chapter 13) is opening unprecedented opportunities for earth sciences. Small angle scattering also contributes information about microstructures (Chapter 14). Neutron diffraction has become a favorite method to quantify residual stresses in deformed materials (Chapter 16) as well as preferred orientation patterns (Chapter 15). The volume concludes with a short introduction into neutron tomography and radiography that may well emerge as a principal application of neutron scattering in the future (Chapter 17).

Nanoalloys

• Author : Damien Alloyeau
• Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
• File Size : 12,9 Mb
• Release Date : 2012-07-13
• Genre: Technology & Engineering
• Pages : 412
• ISBN 10 : 9781447140146

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Bimetallic nanoparticles, also called nanoalloys, are at the heart of nanoscience because of their ability to tune together composition and size for specific purposes. By approaching both their physical and chemical properties, Nanoalloys: Synthesis, Structure & Properties provides a comprehensive reference to this research field in nanoscience by addressing the subject from both experimental and theoretical points of view, providing chapters across three main topics: Growth and structural properties Thermodynamics and electronic structure of nanoalloys Magnetic, optic and catalytic properties The growth and elaboration processes which are the necessary and crucial part of any experimental approach are detailed in the first chapter. Three chapters are focused on the widely used characterization techniques sensitive to both the structural arrangements and chemistry of nanoalloys. The electronic structure of nanoalloys is described as a guide of useful concepts and theoretical tools. Chapters covering thermodynamics begin with bulk alloys, going to nanoalloys via surfaces in order to describe chemical order/disorder, segregation and phase transitions in reduced dimension. Finally, the optical, magnetic and catalytic properties are discussed by focusing on nanoparticles formed with one element to track the modifications which occur when forming nanoalloys. The range and detail of Nanoalloys: Synthesis, Structure & Properties makes it an ideal resource for postgraduates and researchers working in the field of nanoscience looking to expand and support their knowledge of nanoalloys.